If you’re unfamiliar, inflammation is what naturally occurs when your immune system goes into action. The redness and swelling that you see is the result of your body sending more blood to provide nutrients to the site of injury. According to the Cleveland Clinic, once you take a sip of alcohol, your body prioritizes breaking

Corticosterone is the main glucocorticoid involved in the regulation of stress responses in rodents (Smith and Vale 2006). In a clinical case study reviewed in this issue, Trevejo-Nunez and colleagues report on systemic and organ-specific immune pathologies often seen in chronic drinkers. In such patients, alcohol impairs mucosal immunity in the gut and lower respiratory

This effect apparently was specific to alcohol because repeated chronic alcohol exposure and withdrawal experience did not produce alterations in the animals’ consumption of a sugar solution (Becker and Lopez 2004). Significant advancements have been made in understanding the neurobiological underpinnings and environmental factors that influence motivation to drink as well as the consequences of

Sometimes they think that avoiding high-risk situations is a sign of weakness. In mental relapse, there is a war going on inside people’s minds. As individuals go deeper into mental relapse, their cognitive resistance to relapse diminishes and their need for escape increases. However, it’s impossible to always avoid stressful situations and therefore, learning ways